| Diamond |
| It is the purest of Natural Carbon. In diamond carbon is sp3 hybridized. Symmetry is Tetrahedral. Each carbon atom is linked to 4 carbon atoms by strong Covalent bonds. Here each Carbon atom lies at the center of a regular Tetrahedral and four other carbon atoms are present at the corners of a Tetrahedral. All C–C bond lengths are equal to 1.54o. It has no free electrons because all the four Valency electrons are involved in C–C bonds. It has a three dimensional structure of strong covalent bonds. |
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| Diamonds are formed by the crystallization of Carbon under extreme pressure of 70 thousand atoms and temperature of about 1500oc in the interior of earth at depths of 150 km. These diamonds are brought to the surface of earth by "Kimberliterock". Diamond is the hardest substance known. Density is high. Melting point is 3500o C. This is because diamond has three–dimensional structure of strong Covalent bonds. Diamond has brilliant luster because it has high refractive index 2.415. It is non–conductor of electricity because all the four valency electrons are involved in C–C bonds and there are no free electrons. Pure diamond is colorless. But traces of dissolved impurities give it blue, green, yellow, red or black tinge. Black diamond is the hardest and is called "Carbanado". Because of hardness of diamond, it is used for drilling rocks and cutting glass. Diamonds are used in Jewelry because they are glittering. Sharp edged diamonds are used by surgeons as a tool to remove cataract from eyes. |
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