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4 G wireless Technology |
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| Evolution | |||||||||
| When we talk about 1st Generation or 2nd Generation communication technologies, we are essentially referring to cell phones. The technologies that are now widely being used in other platforms like computers were initially used for mobile phones. Mobile phones have evolved from Walkie-Talkie. The technology used was similar to the one used in radios. Walkie-Talkies were used by factory people, miners, police officers and military personnel. For these people communication was extremely vital and they could not use the fixed telephone as they were constantly on move. The principle of Walkie talkie used the Half-Duplex technology. Half Duplex technology is nothing but the usage of same frequency by two sets to communicate with each other. Thus when one person is talking, other cannot and has to wait for the call to end. |
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| The initial usage of Full-Duplex technology and a set of frequencies was part of 1G (First Generation) technologies. Here though there was a major breakthrough in terms of cell network and increased capability of mobile communication, the gadgets were still very expensive. Also the range of communication was limited. With the advent of digital technology, the 2nd Generation of mobile communications was ushered in. The biggest advantage of the digital technology is that any data whether it is a voice or a text or a picture can be converted into bits and bytes. Earlier the difference between various signals whether radio or TV was that of different frequencies and modulations. These signals were what we call as Analog signals. The characteristic feature of an analog signal is that it is in the shape of a Sine curve, that is; it rises and falls in the shape of a bell. Thus you could not have used the TV signal to be sent over a computer, or a radio signal over a TV etc. When one moves from one cell to another cell, switching would take place, and the tower in the newer cell will help them to continue talking. |
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| The initial usage of Full-Duplex technology and a set of frequencies was part of 1G (First Generation) technologies. Here though there was a major breakthrough in terms of cell network and increased capability of mobile communication, the gadgets were still very expensive. Also the range of communication was limited. With the advent of digital technology, the 2nd Generation of mobile communications was ushered in. The biggest advantage of the digital technology is that any data whether it is a voice or a text or a picture can be converted into bits and bytes. Earlier the difference between various signals whether radio or TV was that of different frequencies and modulations. These signals were what we call as Analog signals. The characteristic feature of an analog signal is that it is in the shape of a Sine curve, that is; it rises and falls in the shape of a bell. Thus you could not have used the TV signal to be sent over a computer, or a radio signal over a TV etc. The advent of digital technology that allows conversion of all kinds of data (whether voice or picture) into bits and bytes (0s and 1s) paved the way for convergence. With digital technology there is no need to worry about the frequency, as all data can be converted into a uniform structure of bits and bytes. Digitization meant that by simple usage of bits and bytes for communication everything was simplified. Now we are in a phase where 3G is being set up across the world. But even before 3G is being extensively used, 4G is becoming popular. |
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