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Physics
The world around you!
Mechanics
Preface
Units, Vectors and Mathematical Physics
Units, Standards & Dimension analysis
Measurement
Scalars and Vectors
Multiplication of Two Vectors
Mathematical Physics
Kinematics
Speed, Velocity and Acceleration
Motion in 1-D and free fall
Motion in 2-D and Projectile motion
Relative velocity
Newton's Laws of Motion
Force and laws of motion
Friction
Simple Machines
Work, Energy and Power
Work and Kinetic energy
Potential energy and Energy conservation
Power
Linear Momentum
Momentum and Impulse
CM & CG
Collisions
Circular motion
Uniform circular motion
Vertical circular motion
Rotational Motion
Rotational kinematics
Moment of inertia
Dynamics of rotational motion
Angular momentum
Rolling Motion
Oscillations
Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple pendulum
Gravitation
Newton's universal law of gravitation
Gravitational potential energy
Kepler's Laws
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid density and pressure
Pascal's principle
Buoyancy and Archimedes' principle
Bernoulli's principle
Mechanical Properties of Matter
Elasticity
Surface tension
Viscosity in fluids
Stokes' law
Thermal Physics
Preface
Heat & Temperature
Internal energy & temperature
Sources of heat
Calorimetry
Specific heat
Change of State
Calorimeter
Thermal Expansion
Expansion of solids
Expansion of liquids and gases
Anomalous expansion of water
Heat Transfer
Conduction and Convection
Radiation
Applications of heat transfer
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic theory of gases
Ideal Gas Equations
Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics
Specific heat capacities of gases
Entropy and second law of thermodynamics
Heat Engines
Carnot cycle
Heat pumps
Waves and Optics
Preface
Wave Motion
Transverse and longitudinal waves
Wave characteristics
Reflection and interference of waves
Standing waves
Sound Waves
Properties of Sound Wave
Vibrations of air column
Interference of sound waves
Doppler effect
Musical Sounds
Nature of Light
Properties of light
Shadows and Eclipses
Reflection
Laws of reflection
Image formation in plane mirrors
Concave and convex mirrors
Refraction
Laws of refraction
Total internal reflection
Prisms and rainbows
Lenses
Interference and Diffraction
Wave nature of light
Interference
Diffraction
Polarization
Optical Instruments
Human Eye
Microscopes & Telescopes
Eyepieces & Cameras
Electricity
Preface
Electric Charge and Electric Field
Coulomb's law
Electric field
Electric Potential
Electric potentia and potential energy
Relation between field and potential
Electric dipole
Gauss's law
Gauss law
Spherical charge distribution
Linear charge distribution
Planar charge distribution
Capacitors and Dielectrics
Capacitors and Capacitance
Types of capacitors
Energy stored in a capacitor
Dielectric types
Current Electricity
Current, Resistance and ohm's law
Cells, EMF and Internal Resistance
Kirchoff's laws and electric circuits
Wheatstone bridge and potentiometer
Ammeter and Voltmeter
RC circuits in DC voltage
Thermal and Chemical effects of current
Joule's law of heating
Seebeck and Peltier effect
Thomson's effect
Faraday's laws of electrolysis
Electromagnetism
Preface
Magnetism
Magnets and magnetic fields
Magnetic materials and properties
Earth's magnetic field
Magnetometers
Magnetic Forces
Lorentz force
Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor
Torque on a current carrying loop
Magnetic field due to current
Biot-Savart's law
Ampere's law
EM Induction
Faraday's and Lenz's law
Self and Mutual induction
LC/LR circuits
A.C. Circuits
Current, Voltage and RMS value
RLC circuits
Resonance and power in AC circuits
Machines and Devices
Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell's equations
Light as EM Wave
Properties of EM Waves
Modern Physics
Preface
Bohr's atomic model
Rutherford's atomic model
Bohr's atomic model
Quantum theory
Photons and Photoelectric effect
Wave Nature of Particles
Quantum model of atom
X-rays
Nucleus
Properties of nucleus
Isotopes, isobars and isotones
Mass defect and binding energy
Radioactivity
Alpha, beta and gamma rays
Laws of radio-activity
Applications of radioactivity
Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Radiation hazards
Semiconductor Electronics
Energy bands in solids
Semiconductor diodes
Half-wave and Full-wave rectifiers
BJTs and FETs
Applications of transistors
Digital Electronics
Communication Systems
Electromagnetic Waves
Modulation
Chemistry
Matter is everything!
Structure of Matter
Preface
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Separation and Purification
Properties of Matter
Fundamental units
Derived units
Chemical properties
Measurement and Experimental techniques
Units and Conversions
Measurement and Evaluation
Physical constants
Atomic Structure
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
Dalton's atomic theory
Electrons, Protons and Neutrons
Atomic Models
Structure of an atom
Isotopes
Quantum Theory
The nature of light
Atomic spectrum
Wave Nature of Particle
Photoelectric Effect
Quantum mechanical model
Development of Periodic Table
Electronic configuration
Genesis of classification
Modern Periodic table
Periodic Properties
Atomic & Ionic radii
Ionization energies
Electron affinities
Electronegativity
Chemical Bonding
Octet and Fajans' rule
Valency
Ionic Bonding
Chemical Properties
Lewis dot structures
Resonance Structures
Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Valence Bond Theory
Molecular orbital theory
Hybridization of atomic orbitals
Molecular Geometry
Nuclear Chemistry
Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation
Radioactive Transformations
Rate of Radioactive Decay
Effects of Radiation
Applications of radioisotopes
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
States of Matter
Preface
Kinetic particle theory
Solids, Liquids and Gases
Change in states
Latent heat
Forces of Attraction
Intramolecular forces
Dipole forces
Intermolecular forces
Hydrogen bonding
Gases
Pressure of gas
Gas laws
Ideal gas equation
Molar mass and density
Dalton's law of partial pressure
Kinetic molecular theory
Effusion & Diffusion
Real and Ideal gases
Liquids
Surface tension
Viscosity
Evaporation
Boiling point
Solids
Crystalline solids
Structure of Solids
Properties of Solids
Elasticity and Hooke's law
Lattice Energy
Solutions
Types of Solutions
Colloids
Solubility
Concentration
Volumetric analysis
Enthalpy of Solutions
Raoult's Law
Colligative properties
Phase Diagrams
Atmosphere and Environment
Spheres of Earth
Atmosphere
Biogeochemical Cycles
Air, Water & Soil
Composition of air
Air pollution
Greenhouse effect
Water and its sources
Properties of Water
Water - treatment and pollution
Soil - pollution and control
Green chemistry
Chemical Reactions
Preface
Chemical Equations
Chemical Changes
Types of chemical reactions
Characteristics of chemical reactions
Balancing chemical equations
Chemical Calculations
Stoichiometry
The Mole
Mass Spectrometer
Molecular formulae
Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids
Bases
Salts
Acid-base Theories
Acid-base Classification
Nomenclature of acids, bases & salts
pH Scale and Buffer Solution
Acid-base titration
Thermo Chemistry
Energy changes
System, Surroundings and Types
Energy, heat and work
First law of thermodynamics
Enthalpy and Hess' law
Second law of thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
Chemical Kinetics
Rate (speed) of reaction
Integrated Rate laws
Order of reaction
Catalyst
Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible and Irreversible reactions
Law of mass action
Equilibrium constants
Le Chatelier Principle
Oxidation and Reduction
Redox reactions
Oxidizing and reducing agents
Oxidation number
Balancing of reactions
Everyday examples
Electrochemistry
Conductors and Semiconductors
Ohm's Law
Electrolysis
Corrosion
Faraday's laws
Voltaic or Galvanic cell
Electromotive Force (EMF)
Cells or batteries
Metals and Non-metals
Preface
Overview
Properties of metals
Uses of metals
Properties of non-metals
Uses of non-metals
Hydrogen
Properties of Hydrogen
Preparation and Uses of Hydrogen
Water
Heavy water
Hydrogen peroxide
Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals
s-Block elements
Properties of s-Block elements
Sodium and its compounds
Potassium and its compounds
Magnesium and its compounds
Calcium and its compounds
Boron Family
Properties of IIIA Elements
Boron and its compounds
Aluminum and its compounds
Carbon Family
Extraction and Uses of IV A elements
Physical Properties of IVA elements
Physical Properties of Carbon
Chemical Properties of Carbon
Silicon and its compounds
Nitrogen Family
Properties of VA elements
Compounds of VA elements
Nitrogen and its compounds
Ammonia
Phosphorus and its compounds
Oxygen Family
Properties of VIA elements
Oxygen and its compounds
Sulfur and its compounds
Halogens
Production of Halogens
Properties of Halogens
Compounds of Halogens
Uses of Halogens
Noble Gases
Discovery and Isolation of noble gases
Properties of noble gases
Xenon and its Compounds
Transition Metals
Physical Properties of d-Block elements
Chemical Properties of d-Block elements
Metal Oxoanions Salts
Iron
Copper
Inner transition Metals
Lanthanides
Actinides
Metallurgy & Alloys
Concentration of Ores
Extraction of Metals
Corrosion of Metals
Alloys of Metals
Coordination Compounds
Metal complexes
Ligands
Bonding Theories
Properties of Coordination Compounds
Stereo and Structural isomerism
Applications of compounds
Organic Chemistry
Preface
Overview
Organic compounds
Carbon and its allotropes
Classification of organic compounds
Nomenclature of organic compounds
Homologous series
Isomerism
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers
Alcohols
Phenols
Ethers
Halogen derivatives
Aryl and Alkyl halides
Chloroform
Iodoform and Perflourides
Aldehydes and Ketones
Carbonyl Compounds
Preparation of aldehydes and ketones
Properties of aldehydes and ketones
Carboxylic Acids
Structure and Acidity
Acetic acid
Carboxylic acid derivatives
Soaps and Detergents
Nitrogen Derivatives
Amines
Cyanides and Cyanates
Nitro compounds
Reaction Mechanisms
Components of reaction
Electronic Displacement
Structure and Acidity
Classification of Reactions
Substitution Reactions
Elimination reactions
Organic Synthesis
Polymers
Macromolecules and Polymers
Classification of polymers
Commercial polymers
Biodegradable polymers
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
Glucose and Fructose
Sucrose
Starch
Proteins
Vitamins
Lipids
Enzymes
Nucleic acids
Organic Chemistry Today
Analgesics
Antacids
Antimicrobials
Antivirals
Antiseptics
Sweetening Agents
Biology
Wonders of the inner world!
Biochemistry
Preface
Introduction
Chemical basis of life
Milestones in Biochemistry
Applications
Structure of matter
Matter
Elements
Isotopes
Chemical Bonding
Introduction
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Molecular Shape and Function
Chemical reactions
Water
Universal solvent
Polarity of Water
Properties of water
Dissociation of water molecules
Carbon
Nature of carbon
Molecular Diversity
Molecules of Life
Biological molecules
Polymers
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Enzymes
Nucleic acids
Cell Biology
Preface
Basic Unit of Life
Cell diversity
Cell theory
Cell shapes
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Cell Structure
Cell membrane
Transport in cells
Parts of cell
Cell Organelles
Summary
Cellular Energetics
Metabolic activities
Coupled Reactions
Bioenergetics
Enzymes
Cellular Respiration
Introduction
Catabolic Pathways
Respiratory Substrates
Respiratory Quotient
Redox Reactions
Stages of Respiration
Fermentation
Photosynthesis
Discovery of photosynthesis
Process of photosynthesis
Products of photosynthesis
Photophosphorylation
Calvin Cycle
C4 Pathway (Hatch-Slack Cycle)
CAM Plants
Cell Communication
Introduction
Cell Signaling
Stages of cell signaling
Transduction Pathways
Response
Cell Division
Role of cell division
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Binary Fission
Evolution of Mitosis
Cell Cycle Control
Genetics
Preface
Heredity
Introduction
Reproduction
Meiosis
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mendelian Genetics
Mendel's experiment
Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
Inherited disorders
Genetic testing and counseling
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Introduction
Chromosomes
Linkage and crossing over
Sex-linked inheritance
Abnormalities
Genetic basis of development
Molecular Genetics
Introduction
The search for genetic material
DNA and Replication
Gene regulation and expression
Genetic Code
Protein synthesis
DNA packaging
DNA mutations
Molecular basis of cancer
Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Operons
DNA Technology and Applications
Recombinant DNA technology
Restriction Fragment Analysis
DNA Cloning
DNA Libraries
Genome mapping
Genomics
Practical applications
Evolutionary Biology
Preface
Exploring Life
What is life
Origin of life
Evolution of Life
Unity and Diversity
Evolution
Understanding Evolution
Diversity of life
Evidence of Evolution
Basic principles of evolution
Evolutionary Applications
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis
Theories of evolution
Mechanisms of Change
Outcomes of Evolution
Sources of Variation in a population
Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium
Diversity of Organisms
Origin and diversity of life
Chemical evolution
RNA World
Systematics
Binomial Nomenclature
Monera & Protista
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria-Reproduction
Pathogenic and Useful Bacteria
Eubacteria
Importance of Prokaryotes
Kingdom Protista
Classification of Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Fungus
Nutrition and Fungal Lifestyles
Classification of Fungi
Fungi Impact on Ecosystem
Useful Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Introduction
Thallophyta
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Plants and Human Welfare
Kingdom Animalia
Evolution of Animals
Basis of Classification
Animal Development
Classifying Animals
Human Evolution
Microbes in human welfare
Ecology and Biosphere
Scope of ecology
Subfields of Ecology
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Ecosystem
Biomes
Animal Behavior
Introduction
The Diversity of Behavior
Animal communication
Learning and evolution of behavior
Community & Population Ecology
Community interactions
Trophic structure
Biological magnification
Biomes
Biogeochemical cycles
Humans and the biosphere
The study of Population Ecology
Population viability analysis
Population cycles
Conservation & Restoration Ecology
Introduction
Conservation of biodiversity
Natural resources
Air
Water
Soil
Management of Natural Resources
Coal and Petroleum
Plant Form and Function
Preface
Plant Structure
Basic plant structure
Root System
Shoot system
Leaf and Flower
Seed
Growth & Development
Plant growth and development
Primary Growth
Secondary Growth
Morphogenesis
Transport in Plants
Introduction
Absorption through roots
Active transport
Ascent of Sap
Transpiration
Cohesion and Adhesion
Transport of Minerals, Food
Nutrition in Plants
Nutrition - plant growth
Modes of Nutrition
Minerals and Essential nutrients
Photosynthesis for plant nutrition
Nutritional Adaptations
Plant Reproduction
Introduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Pollination and Fertilization
Seeds
Apomixis and Polyembryony
Plant Responses
Plant response to stimuli
Phytohormones (Plant Hormones)
Tropisms and Nasties
Circadian Rhythms
Response to stress
Defensive Mechanisms
Apoptosis and Senescence
Crop and Medicinal Plants
Agriculture
Plant Breeding
Medicinal plants
Plant Biotechnology
Animal Form and Function
Preface
Basic Principles
Nature of animals
Tissues and Organs
Homeostasis and Thermoregulation
Metabolism
Life Processes
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
Vision and Sense
Immune Mechanism
Endocrine and Nervous system
Nutrition
Need of nutrition
Nutrition in Animals
Nutrition in Humans
Animal Physiology
Introduction
Physiology of Annelida
Physiology of Arthropoda
Physiology of Amphibia
Physiology of Chordata
Reproduction and Development
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Morphogenesis
Mammalian Development
Animal Husbandry
Farming practices
Cattle Farming
Poultry Farming
Fish Production
Aquaculture
Bee Keeping
Sericulture
Human Physiology
Preface
Introduction to Human Body
Physiology
Transport system
Communication
Intake of raw materials and elimination of waste
Protection
Reproduction
Diseases and illness
Human cells & Tissues
Human Cells
Tissues
General Principles
Movement of substances with in body fluids
Cell division
Nervous System
Introduction
Neurons
Nerves
Types of Nervous System
Brain
Reflex Action and Arcs
Diseases and Disorders
Sensory System
Eye
Ear
Nose
Taste buds
Endocrine & Reproductive System
Hormones
Hormonal Signaling
Adrenal glands
Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
Pituitary gland & Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Other hormones
Hormones from Non-endocrine tissues
Reproductive system
Female Reproductive Anatomy
Male Reproductive Anatomy
Fertilization
Embryonic Development and Birth
Digestive System
Nutrition
Organs of digestive system
Digestion & Absorption
Disorders
Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood Vessels - Intricate networks
Heart Diseases
Tests for Diagnosis
Cholesterol test
Radionuclide imaging
Respiratory System
Lungs
Respiratory Cycle
Breathing Control
Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Lung Diseases
Muscular System
Introduction
Skeletal system
Skull
Thoracic cage
Appendicular Skeleton
Types of muscle fibers
Immune System
Defense Mechanisms
Innate Immunity
Leukocytes
Adaptive Immunity
Humoral and cell-mediated Immunity
Summary
Lymphatic System
Introduction
Basic Anatomy
Importance of Lymphatic System
Lymphatic disorders
Urinary System
Structure of urinary system
Kidney
Osmoregulation & Excretion
Disorders
Diagnosis and treatment
Health & Diseases
Health
Types of Disease
Spread of Infectious Diseases
Symptoms of Disease
Diseases caused by bacteria
Diseases Caused by Protozoa
Other diseases
Common Health Problems
Anemia
Hypertension
Cholesterol
Hypothermia
Obesity
Diabetes
Hypoglycemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Tests
Medical Diagnostics
Diagnosis
Creatinine Test
Blood Urea Nitrogen Test
Sodium in blood
Blood sugar test
Musculoskeletal Tests
Chest x-ray
Tuberculin skin test
UGI Endoscopy
Liver and thyroid tests
Mammogram
Electro encephalogram
Other Blood tests
Cancer markers
Math
The language of science!
Arithmetic
Preface
Number Systems
Decimal Number System
Types of Numbers
HCF & LCM
Binary Number System
Surds
Fractions and Divisibility
Fractions
Decimals
Tests of Divisibility
Squares and Cubes
Squares and Square Roots
Cubes and Cube Roots
Ratio and Proportions
Ratios
Proportions
Rate & Speed
Commercial Arithmetic
Percentage
Profit, Loss & Discount
Simple & Compound Interest
Commercial Applications
Algebra
Preface
Basic Algebra
Exponents
Expressions and Polynomials
Expansions
Factorization
Higher Algebra
Linear equations & inequations
Quadratic Equations
Theory of equations
Partial Fractions
Complex Numbers
Logarithms
Progressions
Arithmetic Progressions
Geometric Progressions
Harmonic Progressions
Mathematical Induction
Exp. and log series
Matrices
Types of Matrices
Operations on Matrices
Determinant of a Square Matrix
Inverse of a Square Matrix
Solving System of Linear Equations
Sets and Relations
Types of Sets
Operations on Sets
Relations
Functions and Statements
Functions
Statements
Permutations and Combinations
Permutations
Combinations
Binomial Theorem
Vector Algebra
Operations on Vectors
Dot and Cross products
Multiplication of 3 or more vectors
Geometry
Preface
Lines and Angles
Points, Lines and Planes
Angles
Parallel Lines and Transversal
Perpendicular and angle bisectors
Triangles
Classification of Triangles
Terms Related to a Triangle
Congruency & Similarity
Construction of Triangles
Polygons
Polygon
Quadrilaterals
Parallelograms
Rectangles, Rhombuses & Squares
Trapezoids
Circles
Circumference & Area
Angles & Arcs
Tangents & Sectors
Equation of a Circle
System of circles
Mensuration
Mensuration of 2D figures
Mensuration of 3D figures
Co-ordinate Geometry
Locus
Transformation of axes
Straight Lines
Pair of Straight Lines
Polar Co-ordinates
Conic Sections
Parabola
Ellipse
Hyperbola
3D Geometry
Co-ordinate Axes and Planes
Direction Cosines & Ratios
Equation of a Line in Space
Planes
Spheres
Trigonometry
Preface
Pythagorean Theorem
Right Triangles and Pythagorean Theorem
Applications of Pythagorean theorem
Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
Trigonometric Ratios
Trigonometric Identities
Properties of trigonometrical functions
Heights & Distances
Angle of Elevation
Angle of Depression
Trigonometric Equations
Principal Solution
General Solutions
Trigonometric Inequalities
Properties of Triangles
Law of Sines and Cosines
Area of a Triangle
Miscellaneous
Inverse Trigonometric & Hyperbolic Functions
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Hyperbolic Functions
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Calculus
Preface
Limits and Continuity
Limits
Continuity and differentiability
Differentiation
Rules for Differentiation
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Special Functions
Higher Order Derivatives
Graphs of Functions and Derivatives
Maxima & Minima
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
Graphs & Mean Value Theorems
Applications of Derivatives
Rate of Change
Optimization Problems
Tangents & Normals
Errors & Approximations
Partial Differentiation
Partial Derivatives
Homogeneous Functions
Integration
Integration Rules
Integration by Substitution
Integration by Parts
Integration by Partial Fractions
Reduction Formulae
Definite Integrals
Evaluation of Definite Integrals
Reduction Formulae
Integration as limit of sum
Applications of Definite Integrals
Area Under a Curve
Volumes
Special Applications
Differential Equations
Formation of differential equations
Types of differential equations
Applications of differential equations
Statistics
Preface
Data Analysis
One-variable Data Analysis
Two-variable Data Analysis
Measures of center and dispersion
Median, mean, mode & range
Mean Deviation
Standard deviation
Probability
Probability of an event
Conditional probability
Random variables and distributions
Practice Tests
Model Tests
The world around you!
Mechanics
Preface
Units, Vectors and Mathematical Physics
Kinematics
Newton's Laws of Motion
Work, Energy and Power
Linear Momentum
Circular motion
Rotational Motion
Oscillations
Gravitation
Fluid Mechanics
Mechanical Properties of Matter
Thermal Physics
Preface
Heat & Temperature
Calorimetry
Thermal Expansion
Heat Transfer
Kinetic Theory
Thermodynamics
Heat Engines
Waves and Optics
Preface
Wave Motion
Sound Waves
Nature of Light
Reflection
Refraction
Interference and Diffraction
Optical Instruments
Electricity
Preface
Electric Charge and Electric Field
Electric Potential
Gauss's law
Capacitors and Dielectrics
Current Electricity
Thermal and Chemical effects of current
Electromagnetism
Preface
Magnetism
Magnetic Forces
Magnetic field due to current
EM Induction
A.C. Circuits
Electromagnetic Waves
Modern Physics
Preface
Bohr's atomic model
Quantum theory
Nucleus
Radioactivity
Nuclear Reactions
Semiconductor Electronics
Communication Systems
Physics
Mechanics
Units, Vectors and Mathematical Physics
Units, Standards & Dimension analysis
Measurement
Scalars and Vectors
Multiplication of Two Vectors
Mathematical Physics
Mathematical Physics
Summary
ConceptMap
Worksheets
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